高英考试要考修辞方法(rhetorical devices or figures of speech)，在博客上整理一下吧。
一、关系型的修辞
1、simile 明喻
例： Father is like a mountain.
2、metaphor 暗喻
例： 下雪了，大地披上了一件白色的外衣。
3、personification 拟人
例： The hurricane lifted the roof.
4、metonymy 转喻
用相关的东西代替某物。如中南海代替中共高层
例：The kettle is boiling.
5、synecdoche 提喻
用部分代整体。
例：50张口表示50个人
6、antonomasia 换称
例:
the king-> Your Majesty
the hun泛指匈奴一样的野蛮人。
7、euphemism 委婉语
例：
死->驾鹤西去，薨
die->pass away
二、表强调或低调陈述的修辞
1、hyperbole 夸张
例： People were slain in one second.
2、litotes 反语法，简介表达法
例：中国没有那么弱小。
3、antithesis 对照，对偶
例:
No pain, no gain.
Good breeding consists of concealing how much we think of ourselves and how little we think of the other person. (Mark Twain)
4、paradox 似非而是
例：孩子是家长的老师。
5、oxymoron 矛盾修饰法
例：living death, victorious defeat
6、epigram 警句
例: 失败是成功之母。
7、apostrophe 呼语法
呼唤一个不存在的人
例： 上帝啊……
8、rhetorical question 反问句
例：Is is not? 难道?
9、irony 反语
saying the opposite
例：……until we march backwards to the glorious age. （高英课文，the trial that rock the world）
10、sarcasm 讽刺
用反语来挖苦
例：You are so diligent a person.
11、satire
主要用于表达讽刺小说，讽刺小说家
12、ridicule 嘲笑
例：Bryan mopped his bold dome.（高英课文，the trial that rock the world）
13、innuendo 影射
例：他这个学期来上了2次课了哦。（他没来上课14次）
14、parody 模仿
例：Stay hungry, stay foolish.
我的模仿：Stay single, stay simple.
15、climax 递进
16、anticlimax 反高潮，突降
17、asyndeton 连接词省略
18、polysyndeton 连词叠用
19、epistrophe 结句反覆
例：… and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. — Abraham Lincoln in the Gettysburg Address
20、anaphora 首语重复
例：It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, — Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities
三、与声音有关的修辞
1、alliteration 头韵
例：Safe and sound.
2、assonance 辅音不同，元音相同
例：a deep green stream.
3、consonance 辅音相同
例：coming home, hot foot
4、onomatopoeia 拟声词
例：jingle bell
四、文字游戏
1、transferred epithet 移就
例：sleepless night
2、pun 双关
例：Darwin is Right.（高英课文，the trial that rock the world）
3、zeugma 轭式搭配
例：吃了饭和酒
4、syllepsis 一语双叙
例：He lost the game and his temper.
5、chiasmus 交错法
例： And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.（肯尼迪就职演讲）